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Surfaces (Technology) --- Electron spectroscopy. --- Analysis. --- Auger effect. --- Photoelectron spectroscopy. --- Surfaces (Technology) - Analysis. --- Surfaces (technologie) --- Spectroscopie électronique --- Analyse

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Surfaces (Technology) --- Electron spectroscopy. --- Surfaces (Technologie) --- Spectroscopie électronique --- Analysis. --- Analyse --- Spectroscopie électronique --- Electron spectroscopy --- Characterization of surface --- Surface analysis --- Surface characterization --- Chemistry, Analytic --- Surface chemistry --- Electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis --- ESCA --- Electrons --- X-rays --- Analysis --- Emission --- Analytical chemistry --- Surfaces (Technology) - Analysis.

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Achieving efficient solar energy conversion at both large scale and low cost is among the most important technological challenges for the near future. The present volume describes and explains the fundamentals of organic/plastic solar cells in a manner accessible to both researchers and students. It provides a comprehensive analysis of the operational principles underlying several types of solar cells that have absorber layers based on polymer materials and small molecules. It addresses competing approaches, such as polymer solar cells and dye-sensitized cells, while considering the thermodynamic principles within the context of these schemes. Organic Photovoltaics also analyzes in detail the charge-transfer processes in the bulk-heterojunction devices corresponding to the relevant mechanism of carrier generation. Emphasized throughout is the concept of interpenetrating polymer-fullerene networks, due to their high potential for improving power efficiency.

Materials sciences --- Electronics and optics of solids --- Organic semiconductors --- Photovoltaic cells --- Photoelectric cells --- Semiconductors --- Organic semiconductors. --- Photovoltaic cells. --- Lasers. --- Photonics. --- Optical materials. --- Electronic materials. --- Materials—Surfaces. --- Thin films. --- Power electronics. --- Renewable energy resources. --- Optics, Lasers, Photonics, Optical Devices. --- Optical and Electronic Materials. --- Surfaces and Interfaces, Thin Films. --- Power Electronics, Electrical Machines and Networks. --- Renewable and Green Energy. --- Electronics, Power --- Electric power --- Electronics --- Films, Thin --- Solid film --- Solid state electronics --- Solids --- Surfaces (Technology) --- Coatings --- Thick films --- Electronic materials --- Optics --- Materials --- New optics --- Light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation --- Masers, Optical --- Optical masers --- Light amplifiers --- Light sources --- Optoelectronic devices --- Nonlinear optics --- Optical parametric oscillators